;Rel. Judaism-Israel
;Judaism is the religion, philosophy & way of life of the Jewish people.

;YOU NEED MovingOperation_JEW, _ZOM
;JEW = if Sunday >next Monday; if Friday or Saturday >previous Thursday
;ZOM = if Saturday >next Sunday
;For a syntax description see PTBSync Help!

LANGUAGE=UTF8
IMAGE=Holiday_Judaism.gif
;IMAGE=Holiday_rel_jew.gif
COMMENT=Updated April 6, 2024 \nAM=Anno Mundi = year of the world (years are counted since the creation of the world, which is assumed to have taken place in 3761 BC) \ndays start at preceding sunset and ends at sunset \nHebrew or Jewish (lunisolar) calendar see Cal. Jewish months

;no public fast may be observed on Shabbat (Saturday) with the exception of Yom Kippur
;rules depending on fast days:
;rule 1: when on Sabath (Saturday) >Sunday (=*ZOM)
;rule 2: when on Friday or Saturday >Thursday, when on Sunday >Monday (=*JEW)
;Jewish date with ± in front: normal date, possibly moved using rule 1 or 2

;The Torah specifies a single date on the Jewish calendar for observance of holidays. Nevertheless, festivals of Biblical origin other than Shabbat and Yom Kippur are observed for two days outside of the land of Israel, and Rosh Hashanah is observed for two days even inside the land of Israel.


MOVE=Always

;{Jewish 01.1.}  =Jewish New Year of plants (1 Tishri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
;Rosh Hashanah never falls on a Wednesday, Friday, or Sunday
{Jewish 01.1.}  =Rosj Hasjana 1 (1/2d, 1 Tishri #-3761 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 02.1.}  =Rosj Hasjana 2 (2/2d, 2 Tishri #-3761 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 03.1.}*ZOM =Tzom Gedalia (±3 Tishri #-3761 AM)           ;Note=Fast Day, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Fast of Gedalia

{Jewish 01.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 02.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 03.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 04.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 05.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 06.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 07.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 08.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 09.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance
{Jewish 10.1.}  =Aseret Yemei Teshuva ;English=Ten Days of Repentance

{Jewish 09.1.}  =sunset, Erev Yom Kippur (9 Tischri #-3761 AM)        ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve Day of Atonement
{Jewish 10.1.}  =Yom Kippur (10 Tischri #-3761 AM)                    ;Note=Fast Day, Sabbath of Sabbaths, holiest day of the year for the Jewish people, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Day of Atonement
{Jewish 14.1.}  =sunset, Erev Sukkot (14 Tischri #-3761 AM)           ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 15.1.}  =Sukkot (1/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM)               ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Feast of Booths, Feast of Tabernacles
{Jewish 16.1.}  =Chol Hamoed Sukkot 1 (2/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 17.1.}  =Chol Hamoed Sukkot 2 (3/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 18.1.}  =Chol Hamoed Sukkot 3 (4/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 19.1.}  =Chol Hamoed Sukkot 4 (5/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 20.1.}  =Chol Hamoed Sukkot 5 (6/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 21.1.}  =Hosha'ana Raba (7/7d, 15>21 Tischri #-3761 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Great Hoshana/Supplication
;outside Israël
;{Jewish 22.1.}  =Hosha'ana Raba (8/8d, 15>22 Tischri #-3761 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Great Hoshana/Supplication
{Jewish 15.1.}>1974 =Seaharane (15 Tischri #-3761 AM)*                ;Note=Kurdish Jewish festival, not celebrated 1950/51>1975, before 1951 after Pesach, from 1975 on Sukkot {j}

{Jewish 22.1.}  =Shemini Atzeret (22 Tischri #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=the Eighth [day] of Assembly
{Jewish 22.1.}  =Simchat Torah (22 Tischri #-3761 AM)   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar, outside Israël 23 Tischri ;English=Rejoicing with/of the Torah
;outside Israël
;{Jewish 23.1.}  =Simchat Torah (23 Tischri #-3761 AM)  ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar, in Israël 22 Tischri ;English=Rejoicing with/of the Torah

{Jewish 07.2.}  =V'tein Tal u-Matar ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;Note=If no rain has fallen by the 17th of the month, special prayers are added for rain, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Deliver Dew and Rain
{Jewish 29.2.}  =Mehlella/Amata Saww/Sigd (29 Marcheschan/Heszwan/Mar Cheshvan #-3761 AM) ;Note=Beta Israel community, 2008 >Israël State holiday, previously celebrated 29 Kislev {j}

{Jewish 24.3.}  =sunset, Erev Chanukah (24 Kislev #-3761 AM)     ;Note=Erev Chanukah, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}  =Hanukkah/Chanukah 1 (1/8d, 25 Kislev #-3761 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+1Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 2 (2/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+2Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 3 (3/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+3Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 4 (4/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+4Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 5 (5/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+5Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 6 (6/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+6Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 7 (7/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 25.3.}+7Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 8 (8/8d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
;outside Israël
;{Jewish 25.3.}+8Dy =Hanukkah/Chanukah 9 (9/9d)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar

{Jewish 10.4.}  =Asara B'Teveth (10 Tebet #-3760 AM)* ;Note=minor fast Day, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English= Tenth of Tevet
;The Tenth of Teves is the only minor fast day that can coincide with Friday with the current Jewish calendar
;if the Tenth of Tevet were to fall out on a Shabbat, then according to some, this fast would actually be observed on Shabbat

{Jewish 14.5.}  =sunset, Erev Tu B'Shevat (14 Shebad #-3760 AM)            ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 15.5.}  =Tu B'Shevat/Rosh HaShanah La'Ilanot (15 Shebad #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=New Year of the Trees

;only leap years (with Adar I)
;{Jewish 13.6.}  =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
;{Jewish 14.6.}  =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar {j}

;{Jewish 13.61.}  =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
;{Jewish 14.61.}  =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar {j}

;{Jewish 13.62.}  =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
;{Jewish 14.62.}  =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar {j}


{Jewish 13.61.}%1905,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1905,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1908,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1908,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1910,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1910,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1913,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1913,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1916,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1916,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1919,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1919,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.61.}%1921,19 =sunset, Erev Purim Katan (13 Adar I #-3760 AM) ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.61.}%1921,19 =Purim Katan (14 Adar I #-3760 AM)              ;Note=leap year, movable day, lunisolar calendar

{Jewish 13.62.}*JEW =Ta'anit Esther (±13 Adar (II in leap years) #-3760 AM)       ;Note=Fast Day, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 13.62.}  =sunset, Erev Purim (13 Adar (II in leap years) #-3760 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.62.}  =Purim (14 Adar (II in leap years) #-3760 AM)                    ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar {j}
{Jewish 15.62.}  =Jeruzalem, Shushan Purim (15 Adar (II in leap years) #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar

;{Jewish 01.7.}  =Jewish New Year of kings (1 Nisan #-3760 AM)      ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 14.7.}*JEW =Ta'anit B'khorot                                ;Note=Fast Day, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Fast of the Firstborn
{Jewish 14.7.}  =Erev Pesach (14 Nisan #-3760 AM)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 15.7.}  =Pesach (1/7 dagen, 15>21 Nissan #-3760 AM)         ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 16.7.}  =Chol HaMoed Pesach 1 (2/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=Chol HaMoed Pesach 1, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 17.7.}  =Chol HaMoed Pesach 2 (3/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 18.7.}  =Chol HaMoed Pesach 3 (4/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 19.7.}  =Chol HaMoed Pesach 4 (5/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 20.7.}  =Chol HaMoed Pesach 5 (6/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 21.7.}  =Shvi'i shel Pesach (7/7d, 15>21 Nisan #-3760 AM)   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=seventh [day] of Passover
{Jewish 22.7.}  =Mimouna (22 Nisan/Nissan #-3760 AM)                ;Note=traditional Maghrebi Jewish celebration, day after Passover (22 Nisan in Israël), 1966 >national holiday {j}
;outside Israël
;{Jewish 22.7.}  =Shvi'i shel Pesach (8/8d, 15>22 Nisan #-3760 AM)   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=eight [day] of Passover
;{Jewish 23.7.}  =Mimouna (23 Nisan/Nissan #-3760 AM) ;Note=traditional Maghrebi Jewish celebration, day after Passover (23 Nisan outside Israël) {j}

{Jewish 27.7.}*JEW-1Dy =sunset, Erev Yom Ha'Shoah (± 26 Nisan #-3760 AM)      ;Note=possible +1>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 27.7.}*JEW     =Yom Ha'Shoah (Jewish victims Shoah, ± 27 Nisan #-3760 AM) ;Note=possible +1>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Holocaust Remembrance Day
;If this date falls on a Friday, the observance is moved to the previous Thursday; If it falls on a Sunday, observance is moved to the following Monday (ref. Act of Knesset, effective 1997).

;If the 5th of Iyar falls on a Friday or Saturday, the celebrations are moved up to the preceding Thursday; This rule has been effective since 1951.
{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW-2Dy>1950<2004 =sunset, Erev Yom Hazikaron (± 3 Ijar #-3760 AM) ;Note=possible +1>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve Day of Remembrance
{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW-1Dy>1950<2004 =Yom Hazikaron (± 4 Iyar #-3760 AM)              ;Note=possible +1>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Day of Remembrance
{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW>1950<2004     =Yom Ha'atzmaut (± 5 Iyar #-3760 AM)             ;Note=possible +1>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Independence Day

;If the 5th of Iyar is on a Monday, the festival is postponed to Tuesday; This rule has been effective since 2004, in order to avoid potential violation of Sabbath laws by preparing for Yom Hazikaron or Yom Ha'atzmaut on a Shabbat.
{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW-2Dy*ZOM+2Dy-2Dy>2003 =sunset, Erev Yom Hazikaron (± 3 Ijar #-3760 AM) ;Note=possible +2>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve Day of Remembrance
{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW-2Dy*ZOM+2Dy-1Dy>2003 =Yom Hazikaron (± 4 Iyar #-3760 AM)              ;Note=possible +2>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Day of Remembrance
;{Jewish 05.8.}*JEW-2Dy*ZOM+2Dy>2003     =Yom Ha'atzmaut (± 5 Iyar #-3760 AM)             ;Note=possible +2>-2 days, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Independence Day
;no religious holyday >Israël

{Jewish 14.8.}  =Pesach Sheni (14 Iyar #-3760 AM)                  ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Second Passover
{Jewish 17.8.}  =sunset, Erev Lag B'Omer (17 Iyar #-3760 AM)       ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve 33rd [day] in the Omer
{Jewish 18.8.}  =Lag Ba'Omer (18 Iyar #-3760 AM)                   ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=33rd [day] in the Omer
{Jewish 27.8.}  =sunset, Erev Yom Yerushalayim (27 Iyar #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve Jerusalem Day
{Jewish 28.8.}  =Yom Yerushalayim (28 Iyar #-3760 AM)              ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=Jerusalem Day
;The Chief Rabbinate of Israel declared Jerusalem Day a minor religious holiday
;The Haredim (strictly Orthodox), who do not recognise the religious significance of the State of Israel, do not observe Yom Yerushalayim.

{Jewish 05.9.} =sunset, Erev Shavuot (5 Siwan #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 06.9.} =Shavuot (6 Siwan #-3760 AM)              ;Note=God gave the Torah to the entire nation of Israel assembled at Mount Sinai, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Feast of Weeks
;outside Israël
;{Jewish 07.9.} =Shavuot (7 Siwan #-3760 AM)              ;Note=God gave the Torah to the entire nation of Israel assembled at Mount Sinai, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Feast of Weeks

{Jewish 17.10.}*ZOM =Yom Tammuz/Shiv'ah Asar b'Tammuz (±17 Tammuz #-3760 AM) ;Note=minor fast day, if Saturday +1day, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Seventeenth of Tammuz

{Jewish 09.11.}*ZOM-1Dy =sunset, Erev Tisha B'Av (±8 Ab #-3760 AM) ;Note=if Friday +1day, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=Eve of the Ninth of Av
{Jewish 09.11.}*ZOM     =Tish'a B'Av (±9 Ab #-3760 AM)             ;Note=Fast Day, if Saturday +1day, movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=the Ninth of Av
{Jewish 14.11.} =sunset, Erev Tu B'Av (14 Ab #-3760 AM)            ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar
{Jewish 15.11.} =Tu B'Av (15 Ab #-3760 AM)                         ;Note=Happiest of the year/Festival of love, movable day, lunisolar calendar {j} ;English=the fifteenth of the month Av

{Jewish 01.12.} =Rosh Hashanah LaBehema (1 Elul #-3760 AM)      ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=New Year for Animals
{Jewish 29.12.} =sunset, Erev Rosh Hashanah (29 Elul #-3760 AM) ;Note=movable day, lunisolar calendar ;English=eve of the first day

25.3.  =(OS) Halachic Vernal Equinox ;Note={d-04-07)
07.4.  =(NS) Halachic Vernal Equinox ;Note={d)
08.4.%1925,28 =Birkat Hachama  ;Note=25.3. Jul. (OS), every 28 year {d} ;English=Blessing of the Sun
24.12. =Nittel Nacht/Leil HaNital ;Note=Christmas Eve, certain Orthodox Jewish denominations, Blinde Nacht, Vay Nacht, Goyim Nacht, Tole Nacht, Yoyzls Nacht, Finstere Nacht, Moyredike Nacht {n}


;These entries were added by: dewaelheyns(a)gmail.com - http://users.telenet.be/wdew/
;The abbreviations {d} {m} {e} {y} ... are explained on http://users.telenet.be/wdew/Basis%20PTB/BasisEN.htm
;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_holidays